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- <text id=93HT1447>
- <title>
- Man of Year 1989: Mikhail Gorbachev
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Man of the Year
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- January 1, 1990
- Man of the Decade
- Gorbachev: The Unlikely Patron of Change
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Lance Morrow
- </p>
- <p> The 1980s came to an end in what seemed like a magic act,
- performed on a world-historical stage. Trapdoors flew open, and
- whole regimes vanished. The shell of an old world cracked, its
- black iron fragments dropping away, and something new, alive,
- exploded into the air in a flurry of white wings.
- </p>
- <p> Revolution took on a sort of electronic lightness of being. A
- crowd of half a million Czechoslovaks in Wenceslas Square would
- powder into electrons, stream into space at the speed of light,
- bounce off a satellite and shoot down to recombine in millions of
- television images around the planet.
- </p>
- <p> The transformation had a giddy, hallucinatory quality, its
- surprises tumbling out night after night. The wall that divided
- Berlin and sealed an international order crumbled into souvenirs.
- The cold war, which seemed for so long part of the permanent order
- of things, was peacefully deconstructing before the world's eyes.
- After years of numb changelessness, the communist world has come
- alive with an energy and turmoil that have taken on a bracing,
- potentially anarchic life of their own. Not even Stalinist Rumania
- was immune.
- </p>
- <p> The magician who set loose these forces is a career party
- functionary, faithful communist, charismatic politician,
- international celebrity and impresario of calculated disorder named
- Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. He calls what he is doing--and
- permitting--a revolution. His has (so far) been a bloodless
- revolution, without the murderous, conspiratorial associations that
- the word has carried in the past. In novel alliance with the
- glasnost of world communications, Gorbachev became the patron of
- change: Big Brother's better twin. His portraits, like icons at a
- saint's-day festival, waved amid a swarm of Czechs. The East German
- young chanted "Gorby! Gorby!" to taunt the police.
- </p>
- <p> The world has acquired simultaneously more freedom and more
- danger. At the beginning of the age of exploration, a navigator's
- map would mark unknown portions of the great ocean with the warning
- HERE BE MONSTERS. Gorbachev knows about the monsters, about the
- chaos he may have to struggle across, a chaos that he even helped
- to create.
- </p>
- <p> The potential for violence, and even for the disintegration of
- the Soviet order, is enormous. The U.S.S.R. is a vast amalgam of
- nationalities that have always been restive under the imperial
- Soviet system. To mix the politics of openness and the economics
- of scarcity is a messy and dangerous experiment.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev and his reformist allies in Eastern Europe have
- managed to suppress at least one monster--the state's capacity
- for terrible violence against its citizens. The Chinese and, until
- last week, the Rumanians were not so lucky. The Chinese students
- carried portraits of the Soviet leader, and they were shouting, "In
- Russia they have Gorbachev; in China we have whom?" The yin and
- yang of 1989: tanks vs. glasnost, the dead hand of the past vs.
- Gorbachev's vigorous, risky plunge into the future. Gorbachev is
- a hero for what he would not do--in fact, could not do, without
- tearing out the moral wiring of his ambitions for the future. In
- that sense, as in so many others, the fallen Rumanian tyrant
- Nicolae Ceausescu played the archvillain.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev has been a powerful, increasingly symbolic presence
- in the world's imagination since he first came to power in 1985.
- But what exactly does he symbolize? Change and hope for a stagnant
- system, motion, creativity, an amazing equilibrium, a gift for
- improvising a stylish performance as he hang glides across an
- abyss. Mikhail Gorbachev, superstar: the West went predictably
- overboard in what one skeptic called its "Gorbasms."
- </p>
- <p> But Gorbachev and his program of perestroika are far less
- popular at home. Estee Lauder and Christian Dior opened exclusive
- shops on Gorky Street. Meanwhile, soap, sugar, tea, school
- notebooks, cigarettes, sausage and other meats, butter, fruits and
- vegetables, and even matches are scarce. Only rubles are plentiful.
- As Alexis de Tocqueville wrote in his treatise on the French
- Revolution, "The most perilous moment for a bad government is when
- it seeks to mend its ways. Only consummate statecraft can enable
- a king to save his throne when, after a long spell of oppressive
- rule, he sets to improving the lot of his subjects." Chaos rides
- in on rising expectations.
- </p>
- <p> Right now, in the dead of the Russian winter, Gorbachev may
- have reached his own most dangerous moment. Nonetheless, with
- remarkable imagination and daring, he has embarked on a course,
- perhaps now irreversible, that is reshaping the world. He is trying
- to transform a government that was not just bad or inept but
- inherently destructive, its stupidity regularly descending into
- evil. He has been breaking up an old bloc to make way for a new
- Europe, altering the relationship of the Soviet empire with the
- rest of the world and changing the nature of the empire itself. He
- has made possible the end of the cold war and diminished the danger
- that a hot war will ever break out between the superpowers. Because
- he is the force behind the most momentous events of the '80s and
- because what he has already done will almost certainly shape the
- future, Mikhail Gorbachev is TIME's Man of the Decade.
- </p>
- <p> Some people regard Gorbachev as a hero because they believe he
- is presiding over the demise of a loathsome ideology. But he does
- not mean to abolish communism. On the contrary, he wants to save
- it by transforming it. The supreme leader of an atheistic state was
- baptized as a child. Now, in a sense, Gorbachev means to accomplish
- the salvation of an entire society that has gone astray. Yet he has
- not found an answer to the question of how communism can be
- redeemed and still be communism.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev is playing Prospero in a realm ruled by Caliban for
- the past 72 years. He aspires not merely to correct the
- "deformations of socialism," as he calls the legacies of Stalinism
- and the incompetences of centralized economic planning. Gorbachev's
- ambition is more comprehensive: to repair deformations of the
- Russian political character that go back centuries. The Renaissance
- and Enlightenment never arrived in Russia. Feudalism lived on, and
- endures now in the primitive authoritarianism of the Soviet system.
- </p>
- <p> Sigmund Freud once said that human self-esteem received three
- great blows from science. First, Copernicus proved that the earth
- is not the center of the universe. Then Darwin showed that man is
- not organically superior to animals; and finally, psychoanalysis
- asserted that man is not "master in his own house." The self-esteem
- of Soviet communism suffered all three blows at once but lumbered
- on for years in a dusk of denial. Despite the pretensions of Marx
- and Lenin, the system that bears their name is manifestly not the
- ordained design of history, not superior to all others, and not
- even the master of its own house.
- </p>
- <p> Mikhail Gorbachev is the Copernicus, Darwin and Freud of
- communism all wrapped in one. He wants his fellow citizens--and
- his comrades--at last to absorb this trinity of disillusionments
- and reconcile themselves into a whole and modern society.
- </p>
- <p> The November day before he met with the Pope in Rome (not the
- least of the year's astonishments), Gorbachev said, "We need a
- revolution of the mind." The metaphysics of global power has
- changed. Markets are now more valuable than territory, information
- more powerful than military hardware. For many years, the Soviets
- lived in paranoid isolation, fearful of Western culture (an old
- Russian tradition) and estranged from it in somewhat the way that
- Ayatullah Khomeini's Iranians quarantined themselves from the
- secular poisons of the West. Peasant cultures shrink from foreign
- contamination.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev is a sort of Zen genius of survival, a nimble
- performer who can dance a side step, a showman and manipulator of
- reality, a suave wolf tamer. He has a way of turning desperate
- necessities into opportunities and even virtues.
- </p>
- <p> Much more than that, Gorbachev is a visionary enacting a range
- of complex and sometimes contradictory roles. He is simultaneously
- the communist Pope and the Soviet Martin Luther, the apparatchik
- as Magellan and McLuhan. The Man of the Decade is a global
- navigator.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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